医疗常识
中暑
中暑的主要症状是大汗、口渴、头昏、耳鸣、眼花、胸闷、恶心、呕吐、发烧,严重者会神志不清,甚至昏迷。人长时间地处在高热、高湿热环境中容易中暑,所以盛夏旅游,导游员要注意劳逸结合,避免游客长时间地在骄阳下活动。若有人中暑,可置患者于阴凉通风处,平躺,解开衣领,放松裤带;若有条件可让其饮用含盐饮料,对发烧者要用冷水或酒精擦身散热,服用必要的防暑药物;缓解后让其静座(卧)休息。严重中暑者做必要治疗后应立即送医院。
食物中毒
食物中毒对人体的危害很大,其病症是上吐下泻,特点是起病急、发病快、潜伏期短,若救治不及时,会有生命危险。发现旅游者食物中毒,让其多喝水缓解毒性,严重者立即送医院抢救,食物中毒都由饮食不卫生引起,导游员要随时提醒旅游者不要食用摊上的食物。
骨折
旅游者骨折,须及时送医院救治,但在现场,导游员要做好:一是止血。止血的常用方法有手压法,即用手指、手掌、拳在伤口附近一侧压迫血管止血;加压包扎法,即在创伤处放厚敷料,用绷带加压包扎;止血带法,即用弹性止血带在伤口近心脏的大血管上止血。二是包扎。包扎前最好要清洗伤口,包扎时动作要轻柔,松紧要适度,绷带的结口不要在创伤处。三是上夹板。就地取材上夹板,以求固定两端关节,避免转动骨折肢体。
心脏病突发
旅游者心脏病突发,切忌急着将其抬或背着去医院,而应让其就地平躺,头略高,由患者亲属或领队或旅游同行者从患者口袋中寻找备用药物,让其服用;同时,地陪应立即跑到附近医务所找医生前来救治,病情稍稳后送医院。 曾经错过的好贴,一定要留个名,呵呵 不顶白不顶,顶了也白顶! 不看不知道,看了才知道。
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