[国际] 《时代周刊》评选出「人类历史上最有影响力的100张照片

跟绘画相比，摄影是那么年轻的图像媒体。第一张照片的诞生可以追溯到并不那么遥远的1826年。而之后科技的进步，使得如今每天出产的照片数量都要大于世界上所有画廊和博物馆中绘画作品的总和。《时代周刊》邀请到来自全世界的策展人、历史学家、图片编辑等组成选片专家团，选出了摄影诞生以来最有影响力的100张照片。本文获Voicer 授权转载。

《时代周刊》评选出「人类历史上最有影响力的100张照片」

文/Voicer

这100张相片所共有的特点在于，它们是我们人类经验上的转折。”负责此次专题的《时代周刊》编辑团队写道。

在选定名单的过程中，编辑部也重新认识到一个贯穿近两个世纪摄影史的重要元素：摄影师必须在场。摄影是一种见证的形式，是将单一视角带给整个世界的方式。正是图片的力量，让Alexander Gardner在1862年用马载着他的暗箱来到安提塔姆之战，让David Guttenfelder从2013年开始深入朝鲜拍摄照片上传到Instagram。战地摄影师James Nachtwey曾经这样说过，“你一直不停、不停地传送照片，因为它们可以创造出存在改变可能的环境。我一直这样相信。”

我们也这样相信。

01

「牛奶皇冠 Milk Drop Corone」

by Harold Edgerton, 1957

“几秒钟的时间。它就在那里。

有时候没有意义，有时候价值连城。”

“Seconds. There it is. Sometimes it’s no use at all.

Sometimes it’s tremendous value.”

——Harold Edgerton

02

「风中的杰奎琳 Windblown Jackie」

by Ron Galella, 1971

“我在转角做了件精彩的事。

我打了辆车，这样就能躲在里面拍到真实的照片。”

“On the corner, I did a brilliant thing.I took a taxi because you have to hide to get the off-guard picture.”

——Ron Galella

03

「十八周的胎儿 Fetus, 18 weeks」

by Lennart Nilsson, 1965

“我们尝试着去创造和去看一些事物，

那些从来没有被了解的东西。”

“We try to create or see something,

which has not been known before.”

——Lennart Nilsson

04

「爱默特·提尔 Emmett Till」

by David Jackson, 1955

“当人们看见发生在我儿子身上的事后，

那些从来没有站过队的人站了出来。”

“When people saw what had happened to my son,

men stood up who had never stood up before.”

——Mamie Till-Mobley

05

「地出 Earthrise」

by William Anders, NASA, 1968

“这是人们第一次真正知道地球究竟是什么样子。”

“It was the first time that people actually knew

what the Earth looked like.”

——William Anders

06

「枕头大战 The Pillow Fight」

by Harry Benson, 1964

“披头士再也不会进行一场枕头大战，

而我也不可能再次拍到那样的照片了。”

“The Beatles will never have a pillow fight again,

and I couldn’t repeat that picture again.”

——Harry Benson

07

「奥斯卡自拍 Oscars Selfie」

by Bradley Cooper, 2014

“这难以置信的自发性时刻让我不能忘怀，

多亏了这张自拍，其他人也都不会忘。”

“It was this incredible moment of spontaneity that I will never forget.And thanks to the selfie, neither will anyone else.”

——Ellen DeGeneres

08

「英勇的游击队员 Guerrillero Heroico」

by Alberto Korda, 1960

“世界上似乎没有一个具有社会意识的年轻人，

会不相信这个男人，切·格瓦拉，

代表着他们想要成为的人。”

“It seems that there is not one socially conscious young person in the worldwho does not believe that this man, Che,represents what they’d like to become.”

——Alberto Korda

09

「穆罕默德·阿里 vs 索尼·利斯顿

Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston」

by Neil Leifer, 1965

“当阿里进入暮年，人们想要记住的是巅峰时的他。

人们想要这样记住他。”

“As Ali got older,

people wanted to remember him at his absolute best.

People wanted to remember him that way.”

——Neil Leifer

10

「原子的达利Dalí Atomicus」

by Philippe Halsman, 1948

“在Photoshop诞生之前，我们有Philippe。”

“Before there was Photoshop, there was Philippe.”

——Irene Halsman（Philippe Halsman之女）

11

「摩天楼顶上的午餐 Lunch Atop a Skyscraper」

by Unknown, 1932

“一旦看过这张相片，你再不会忘。”

“If you see this picture once, you never forget it..”

——Rockefelle中心历史研究员Christine Roussel

12

「窗外的风景 View from the Window at Le Gras」

by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826

“我将这次探索的结果称为日光图，

在于借着光的作用自发再现……”

“The discovery I have made and which I call Heliography,consists in reproducing spontaneously, by the action of light..”

——Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

13

「Untitled Film Still #21」

by Cindy Sherman, 1978

14

「D-Day」

by Robert Capa, 1944

“直到后来我才意识到，为了拍这张照片，

Capa不得不游到那个士兵前面转身。”

“It never occurred to me until later that in order to take that picture,Capa had to get ahead of that soldier and turn his back on the action.”

——Capa当时的编辑John Morris

15

「创生之柱 Pillars of Creation」

by NASA, 1995

“只要还有人类，

我们就会被我们与天空的关系所吸引。”

“As long as there have been people, we have been drawn by this questionof what is our connection with the sky.”

——哈勃宇航员Dr. Jeff Hester

16

「Dovima with elephants, evening dress by Dior,

Cirque d Hiver, Paris, August 1955」

by Richard Avedon, 1955

17

「索马里饥荒 Famine in Somalia」

by James Nachtwey, 1992

“亟需帮助或者深受苦难的人们，

不代表他们不需要表达尊严。”

“If people are in need, or if they are suffering,

it does not mean they don’t express dignity.”

——James Nachtwey

18

「在紧闭大门后 Behind Closed Doors」

by Donna Ferrato, 1982

“我也曾想假如我拍到了这样一张照片，

至少人们会认为这真的发生过。”

“I also was thinking if I get a picture of this,

at least people will believe that it really happened.”

——Donna Ferrato

19

「艾滋之脸 The Face of AIDS」

by Therese Frare, 1990

“我当时并不知道，

这会是一张改变人们看待艾滋病的照片。”

“I didn’t know that it was going to be the photo that changed how people looked at AIDS.”

——Therese Frare

20

「第一张手机照片 First Cell-Phone Picture」

by Philippe Kahn, 1997

“照相手机于1997年6月11日

在圣塔克鲁兹Sutter妇幼诊所诞生。”

“The camera phone was born in Santa Cruz on June 11, 1997, at the Sutter Maternity Clinic.”

——Philippe Kahn

21

「坠落的人 Falling Man」

by Richard Drew, 2001

“我从未后悔拍了这张照片。”

“I’ve never regretted taking that photograph..”

——Richard Drew

22

「胜利之吻 V-J Day in Times Square」

by Alfred Eisenstaedt, 1945

“突然，刹那间，我看见了一团白色的物体被抓住。

我转身，在水手亲吻护士时按下了快门。”

“Then suddenly, in a flash, I saw something white being grabbed. I turned around and clicked the moment the sailor kissed the nurse.”

——Alfred Eisenstaedt

23

「冲浪的河马 Surfing Hippos」

by Michael Nichols, 2000

24

「奔马中的马 The Horse in Motion」

by Eadweard Muybridge, 1878

“我们认为表现是无法触及的，

直到我们将所有预设印象丢在一边，

通过对自然本身的独立观察来探寻真相。”

“We think the representation to be unimpeachable, until we throw all our preconceived impressions on one side, and seek the truth by independent observations from Nature herself.”

——传奇摄影师Eadweard Muybridge

25

「兴登堡灾难 The Hindenburg Disaster」

by Sam Shere, 1937

“我真的就是在那个刹那按的快门，

一切很快结束了，没有什么其他可以做的。”

“I literally ‘shot’ from the hip—it was over so fast,

there was nothing else to do.”

——Sam Shere

26

「肯尼迪遇刺第313帧」

by Abraham Zapruder, 1963

“那场悲剧之后，

出于某种原因——不知你会如何称呼它，

我失去了对拍照的胃口或欲望。”

“After that tragedy somehow I lost—I don’t know what you’d call it—my appetite, or my desire to take pictures.”

——Abraham Zapruder

27

「战情室 The Situation Room」

by Pete Souza, 2011

“这是我人生中最长的40分钟。”

“This was the longest 40 minutes of my life.”

——美国总统Barack Obama

28

「倒下的士兵 The Falling Soldier」

by Robert Capa, 1936

“我头上的那架相机正好拍到一个男人被击中倒下的那个时刻。这可能是我拍过最好的一张照片。”

“That camera, which I held above my head,

just caught a man at the moment when he was shot.

That was probably the best picture I ever took.”

——Robert Capa

29

「迈克尔·乔丹 Michael Jordan」

by Co Rentmeester, 1984

“肯定是因为鞋子。”

“It’s gotta be the shoes.”

——Nike广告

30

「黑权礼 Black Power Salute」

by John Dominis, 1968

31

「移民母亲 Migrant Mother」

by Dorothea Lange, 1936

32

「贝比出局 The Babe Bows Out」

by Nat Fein, 1948

“假如我不知道贝比将要退役，

我可能想要跑到他的身后去。”

“If I didn’t know that the Babe’s uniform was being retired,it would have never occurred to me to go in the back of him.”

——Nat Fein

33

「纱厂女孩 Cotton Mill Girl」

by Lewis Hine, 1908

“摄影可以照亮黑暗，暴露无知。”

“Photography can light up darkness and expose ignorance.”

——Lewis Hine

34

「甘地和纺车 Gandhi and the Spinning Wheel」

by Margaret Bourke-White, 1946

“不采用暴力是甘地的美德，纺车就是完美的武器。”

“Nonviolence was Gandhi’s creed,

and the spinning wheel was the perfect weapon.”

——Margaret Bourke-White

35

「尼斯湖水怪 The Loch Ness Monster」

by Unknown, 1934

36

「索韦托起义 Soweto Uprising」

by Sam Nzima, 1976

“警察在我面前飞奔，枪击一旁的学生。”

“The police were flying in front of me, shooting the students on the side.”

——Sam Nzima

37

「朝鲜 North Korea」

by David Guttenfelder, 2013

“当他们对外国人开放3G网络时，一切都改变了。”

“When they opened up the 3G network for foreigners, everything changed.”

——David Guttenfelder

38

「尿浸基督 Immersions (Piss Christ)」

by Andres Serrano, 1987

“宗教自由和自由表达有一个共同点：

它们都能够将人们两极化。”

“Freedom of religion and freedom of expression

have something in common: they both have the power to polarize people.”

——Andres Serrano

39

「棺材禁令 Coffin Ban」

by Tami Silicio, 2004

“我的情绪非常高涨，心中充满了悲痛。

这也在照片中体现了出来。”

“My feelings were so built up—my heart was so full of grief. And it came out in the picture.”

——Tami Silicio

40

「消失的种族 The Vanishing Race」

by Edward S. Curtis, 1904

“每一个老人或女人的过身，

意味着一些别人不知道的传统和圣礼知识的消失。”

“The passing of every old man or woman means the passing of some tradition, some knowledge of sacred rites possessed by no other.”

——Edward S. Curtis

41

「战争的恐惧 The Terror of War」

by Nick Ut, 1972

42

「盲 Blind」

by Paul Strand, 1916

43

「在国会大厦上举国旗 Raising a Flag over the Reichstag」

by Yevgeny Khaldei, 1945

“我找到了我的位置，就告诉士兵，

‘Alyosha，爬上去’。”

“Then I found my spot, and I told the soldier, “Alyosha, climb up there.”

——Yevgeny Khaldei

44

「自焚的和尚 The Burning Monk」

by Malcolm Browne, 1963

“我一直不停拍照拍照，

这让我没有被整个事件吓住。”

“I just kept shooting and shooting and shooting

and that protected me from the horror of the thing.”

——Malcolm Browne

45

「Boulevard du Temple」

by Louis Daguerre, 1839

“我抓住了短暂的日光并困住它，

我让太阳为我画了这幅相。”

“I have seized the fleeting light and imprisoned it.

I have forced the sun to paint pictures for me.”

——Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre

46

「检查点的伊拉克女孩 Iraqi Girl at Checkpoint」

by Chris Hondros, 2005

“尽管在伊拉克时有发生，但几乎从未被拍下来，

因此我意识到自己正在进行一组重要的拍摄。”

“As much as that happens in Iraq, it almost never gets photographed, and so I did realize I was onto an important set of pictures..”

——Chris Hondros

47

「入侵布拉格 Invasion of Prague」

by Josef Koudelka, 1968

“你不能依赖你的记忆，

但你可以依赖你的照片。”

“You cannot rely on your memories—but you can rely on your pictures.”

——Josef Koudelka

48

「穿浣熊毛皮外套的夫妇 Couple in Raccoon Coats」

by James VanDerZee, 1932

“我总是希望人们看起来美丽，

以他们想要展示的样子。”

“I always wanted people to look good, to look the way they wanted to look.”

——James VanDerZee

49

「温斯顿·丘吉尔 Winston Churchill」

by Yousuf Karsh, 1941

50

「亚伯拉罕·林肯 Abraham Lincoln」

by Mathew Brady, 1860

“在拍摄一张自然的照片上我遇到了极大的困难。”

“I had great trouble in making a natural picture.”

——Mathew Brady

51

「血色星期六 Bloody Saturday」

by H.S. Wong, 1937

“这是可怕的景象。人们仍然试着站起来，死伤者四散在火车轨道和站台上。到处都是人的肢体。只有我的工作让我忘记所见到的情景。”

“It was a horrible sight. People were still trying to get up. Dead and injured lay strewn across the tracks and platform. Limbs lay all over the place. Only my work helped me forget what I was seeing.”

——H.S. Wong

52

「西贡枪决 Saigon Execution」

by Eddie Adams, 1968

“两个人的生命在那天被毁了，将军的以及这名越共的。

我不希望毁灭任何人。那不是我的工作。”

“Two people’s lives were destroyed that day. The general’s life was destroyed as well as the life of the Viet Cong. I don’t want to destroy anyone’s life. That’s not my job.”

——Eddie Adams

53

「戴头罩的男人 The Hooded Man」

by Sergeant Ivan Frederick, 2003

54

「悲痛 Grief」

by Dmitri Baltermants, 1942

“战争，首先就是悲痛。”

“War is, above all, grief.”

——Dmitri Baltermants

55

「莫洛托夫人 Molotov Man」

by Susan Meiselas, 1979

“莫洛托夫人一次又一次地出现，

被不同的人以不同的目的操纵。”

“Molotov Man kept appearing and reappearing,

used by different players for different purposes.”

——Susan Meiselas

56

「赛多纳，优胜美地 Cathedral Rock, Yosemite」

by Carleton Watkins, 1861

57

「美军士兵在硫磺岛竖起国旗

Flag Raising on Iwo Jima」

by Joe Rosenthal, 1945

58

「月光：池塘 Moonlight: The Pond」

by Edward Steichen, 1904

“事实上，每张照片从头到尾都是虚构的。”

“In fact, every photograph is a fake from start to finish..”

——Edward Steichen

59

「威廉伦琴女士的手

The Hand of Mrs. Wilhelm Röntgen」

by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, 1895

“我不猜想，我调查。”

“I did not think; I investigated..”

——Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

60

「评论家 The Critic」

by Weegee, 1943

“我不去看我拍的是什么，

但我几乎可以闻到那股沾沾自喜的气息。”

“I couldn’t see what I was snapping but could almost smell the smugness.”

——Weegee

61

「在华沙投降的犹太男孩

Jewish Boy Surrenders in Warsaw」

by Unknown, 1943

62

「饥饿的孩子和秃鹫 Starving Child and Vulture」

by Kevin Carter, 1993

“这是我拍照十年来最成功的一张照片，

但我不会把它挂在我的墙上。我恨它。”

“This is my most successful image after 10 years of taking pictures,but I do not hang it on my wall. I hate it.”

——Kevin Carter

63

「Untitled (Cowboy) 」

by Richard Prince, 1989

64

「卡美洛 Camelot」

by Hy Peskin, 1953

65

「雌雄同体（6个男人+6个女人）

Androgyny (6 Men + 6 Women)」

by Nancy Burson, 1982

“从某个方面看，我更感兴趣的是给人们看

他们自己看不到的东西，而不是他们看得到的东西。”

“I really was, in a certain way, more interested in showing people what they could not see rather than what they could see.”

——Nancy Burson

66

「没有笑容的小船 Boat of No Smiles」

by Eddie Adams, 1977

“这是我人生中第一次遇到没有人微笑，

甚至连孩子也没有。”

“This is the first time in my life that nobody smiled, not even the children.”

——Eddie Adams

67

「22号实验性住宅，洛杉矶

Case Study House no. 22, Los Angeles」

by Julius Shulman, 1960

68

「电车——新奥尔良 Trolley—New Orleans」

by Robert Frank, 1955

69

「黛米·摩尔 Demi Moore」

by Annie Leibovitz, 1991

“我认为它本身并不是一张好照片。

这是一张很棒的封面。

若是一张出色的肖像，她不该遮住她的胸部。”

“I don’t think it’s a good photograph per se. It’s a magazine cover.If it were a great portrait, she wouldn’t be covering her breasts.”

——Annie Leibovitz

70

「伊朗的行刑队 Firing Squad in Iran」

by Jahangir Razmi, 1979

71

「慕尼黑大屠杀 Munich Massacre」

by Kurt Strumpf, 1972

72

「99 Cent」

by Andreas Gursky, 1999

73

「毛主席在长江游泳

Chairman Mao Swims in the Yangtze」

by Unknown, 1966

74

「美国哥特式 American Gothic」

by Gordon Parks, 1942

“我不在乎别人怎么想。这就是我对美国

和Ella Watson在美国处境的看法。”

“I didn’t care about what anybody else felt. That’s what I felt about America and Ella Watson’s position inside America..”

——Gordon Parks

75

「海牙 The Hague」

by Erich Salomon, 1930

76

「死亡阴影之谷 The Valley of the Shadow of Death」

by Roger Fenton, 1855

77

「乡村医生 Country Doctor」

by W. Eugene Smith, 1948

“我和他一起生活了几个星期，最开始我拍的照片很少，

我主要想试着了解他为什么要这么做。”

“I spent four weeks living with him. I made very few pictures at first. I mainly tried to learn what made the doctor tick..”

——W. Eugene Smith

78

「火灾逃生坠落 Fire Escape Collapse」

by Stanley Forman, 1975

“我当时在拍摄一场普通的救援，

然而突然就陷入了地狱。”

“I was shooting a routine rescue

when it suddenly went to hell.”

——Stanley Forman

79

「圣诞之夜（快乐俱乐部）

Nuit de Noël (Happy Club) 」

by Malick Sidibè, 1963

“青春就是关于天真的游戏，

那些时刻告诉你那里没有痛苦。”

“Youth is about childlike games.

Those moments which tell you there is no suffering.”

——Malick Sidibè

80

「佩克堡大坝 Fort Peck Dam」

by Margaret Bourke-White, 1936

81

「Brian Ridley and Lyle Heeter」

by Robert Mapplethorpe, 1979

82

「圣拉扎尔车站背后

Behind the Gare Saint-Lazare」

by Henri Cartier-Bresson, 1932

“摄影就是运气。

当时那里有一个栅栏，我把相机伸进了栅栏里。

那就在于几分之一秒。”

“Photography is just luck. There was a fence, and I poked my camera through the fence. It’s a fraction of a second.”

——Henri Cartier-Bresson

83

「长崎上空的蘑菇云

Mushroom Cloud Over Nagasaki」

by Lieutenant Charles Levy, 1945

84

「贝蒂·格拉布尔 Betty Grable」

by Frank Powolny, 1943

85

「阿连德的最后一战 Allende s Last Stand」

by Luis Orlando Lagos, 1973

86

「砌砖工 Bricklayer」

by August Sander, 1928

87

「刚果共和国的大猩猩 Gorilla in the Congo」

by Brent Stilton, 2007

88

「强盗窝，59½桑树街

Bandit s Roost, 59½ Mulberry Street」

by Jacob Riis, circa 1888

“所以我说，在和穷人的较量中

我们只有赢或死，没有折中的路。”

“Hence, I say, in the battle with the slum we win or we perish. There is no middle way.”

——Jacob Riis

89

「肯特州立大学枪击案 Kent State Shootings」

by John Paul Filo, 1970

“我可以感到这个女孩身体紧绷，

最后她终于尖叫释放，

然后我像是回应她似的拍下了这张照片。”

“I could see the tension building in this girl, and finally she let out with the scream, and I sort of reacted to the scream and shot that picture.”

——John Paul Filo

90

「内达之死 The Death of Neda」

by Unknown, 2009

91

「希特勒在纳粹党集会

Hitler at a Nazi Party Rally」

by Heinrich Hoffmann, 1934

92

「跳入自由 Leap into Freedom」

by Peter Leibing, 1961

93

「安提塔姆战场上的死者 The Dead of Antietam」

by Alexander Gardner, 1862

94

「比亚法拉的白化病男孩 Albino Boy, Biafra」

by Don McCullin, 1969

“这是我拍过最不道德的照片之一。”

“This is one of the most obscene photographs I’ve ever taken.”

——Don McCullin

95

「三等客舱 The Steerage」

by Alfred Stieglitz, 1907

96

「伯明翰，阿拉巴马 Birmingham, Alabama」

by Charles Moore, 1963

97

「艾兰·库尔迪 Alan Kurdi」

by Nilüfer Demir, 2015

98

「波斯尼亚 Bosnia」

by Ron Haviv, 1992

99

「登月者 A Man On The Moon」

by Neil Armstrong, 1969

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